Prokaryotic elongation factors

In prokaryotes, three elongation factors are required for translation: EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G.

EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) mediates the entry of the aminoacyl tRNA into a free site of the ribosome.
EF-Ts serves as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for EF-Tu, catalyzing the release of GDP from EF-Tu.
EF-G catalyzes the translocation of the tRNA and mRNA down the ribosome at the end of each round of polypeptide elongation.

External links

Protein biosynthesis: translation (prokaryotic, eukaryotic)

Prokaryotic	PIF-1 · PIF-2 · PIF-3

Archaeal	aIF1 · aIF2 · aIF5 · aIF6

Eukaryotic	eIF1 (EIF1AX, AY, 1B) eIF2 (EIF2S1, EIF2S2, EIF2S3) · EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, EIF2B5 · EIF-2 kinase eIF3 (EIF3A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, J, K, M, S6) eIF4 (EIF4A2, A3, B, E1, E2, G1, G2, G3, H) eIF5 (EIF5A, A2, B) eIF6 (EIF6)

Elongation factor

Prokaryotic	EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G

Archaeal	aEF-1, aEF-2

Eukaryotic	EEF-1 (EEF1A1, EEF1A2, EEF1A3, EEF1B1, EEF1B2, EEF1B3, EEF1B4, EEF1D, EEF1E1, EEF1G) · EEF2

Release factor

Prokaryotic · Archaeal · Eukaryotic (ETF1)

Other

RPS1 · RPS2 · RPS3 · RPS4 · RPS5 · RPS6 · RPS7 · RPS8 · RPS9 · RPS10 · RPS11 · RPS12 · RPS13 · RPS14 · RPS15 · RPS16 · RPS17 · RPS18 · RPS19 · RPS20 · RPS21 · RPS22 · RPS23 · RPS24 · RPS25 · RPS26 · RPS27 · RPS28 · RPS29

Other concepts

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase · Reading frame · Start codon · Stop codon · Shine-Dalgarno sequence/Kozak consensus sequence

see also disorders of translation and posttranslational modification
B bsyn: dna (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)

Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)

3.6.1

Pyrophosphatase (Inorganic, Thiamine) · Apyrase · Thiamine-triphosphatase

3.6.2

Adenylylsulfatase · Phosphoadenylylsulfatase

3.6.3-4: ATPase

3.6.3

Cu++ (3.6.3.4)	Menkes/ATP7A · Wilson/ATP7B

Ca+ (3.6.3.8)	SERCA (ATP2A1, ATP2A2, ATP2A3) · Plasma membrane (ATP2B1, ATP2B2, ATP2B3, ATP2B4) · SPCA (ATP2C1, ATP2C2)

Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9)	ATP1A1 · ATP1A2 · ATP1A3 · ATP1A4 · ATP1B1 · ATP1B2 · ATP1B3 · ATP1B4

H+/K+ (3.6.3.10)	ATP4A

Other P-type ATPase	ATP8B1 · ATP10A · ATP11B · ATP12A · ATP13A2 · ATP13A3 ·

3.6.4

Dynein · Kinesin · Myosin

3.6.5: GTPase

3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein	G_αs · G_αi (GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3) · G_αq/11 (GNAQ, GNA11) · G_α12/13 (GNA12, GNA13) · Transducin (GNAT1, GNAT2)

3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily	Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42 (CDC42, TC10, TCL) • RhoUV (RhoU, RhoV) • Rac (Rac1, 2, 3, RhoG) • RhoBTB (1, 2) • RhoH • Rho (A, B, C) • Rnd (1, 2, 3) • RhoDF (RhoF, RhoD) other: Ras (HRAS, KRAS, NRAS) · Rab (RAB23, RAB27) · Arf (ARF6, SAR1B, ARL13B, ARL6) · Ran · Rheb · Rap

3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase	Prokaryotic (IF-2, EF-Tu, EF-G) · Eukaryotic

3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors	Dynamin · Tubulin

B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, 4.1/2/3/4/5/6, 5.1/2/3/4/99, 6.1-3/4/5-6